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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste; Embrapa Hortaliças; Embrapa Meio-Norte; Embrapa Semiárido. |
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Data corrente: |
30/10/2003 |
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Data da última atualização: |
30/10/2003 |
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Autoria: |
MELO, P. E. de. |
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Afiliação: |
Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF. |
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Título: |
The root systems of onion and Allium fistulosum in the context of organic farming: a breeding approach. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2003 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
2003. |
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Páginas: |
127 p. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
A massive amount of synthetic fertilizers is needed to grow onions (Allium cepa L.) due to their meager and inefficient root system. While the sustainability of such high-input systems is being questioned, low-input systems, such as organic agriculture, are gaining ground. For organic agriculture, plants have to be good nutrient scavengers. Therefore, productivity and stability of onion production in organic systems can be problematic. Plant breeding can improve the efficiency of onion roots, but breeding relies on available variation and there was no information about that in onions or in Allium. The aim of
this thesis was to search for variation in root morphology in onion and in its allied species A. fistulosum L., to understand the role this variation could play in organic agriculture and to perform a genetic analysis of root traits. The variation found in root traits in onion was limited, although old onion cultivars had a higher root length density than modern ones. Huge variation was observed between onion and A. fistulosum. A. fistulosum developed substantially more stem-borne and lateral roots and, consequently, a much denser root system. Experiments carried out in an organic farm revealed that onion explored a smaller volume of soil and had a lower root density than A. fistulosum. In addition, onion, contrary to A. fistulosum, showed a reduction in total and fine root density when cultivated in a soil with low nitrogen content. It was also demonstrated that A. fistulosum was very responsive to indigenous and inoculated AMF (50 to 60% increase in both shoot biomass and root length). A Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis was done on the genetic linkage map of the progeny from the cross A. cepa x (A. roylei x A. fistulosum) to locate some of the genes responsible for the better performance of the A. fistulosum root system. All traits were evaluated in a replicated trial using in vitro cloned plants. QTLs were found for
number of bulbs (1) and stem-borne roots (2) and, more interesting for breeding, for the number of lateral roots (1) and for the relative root length of fine and thick roots (1). The results showed the feasibility of breeding for onions with improved root systems using the interspecific hybrid between A. roylei and A. fistulosum as a genetic source. Some perspectives on the use of cultivars carrying such roots traits in onion organic production are highlighted. MenosA massive amount of synthetic fertilizers is needed to grow onions (Allium cepa L.) due to their meager and inefficient root system. While the sustainability of such high-input systems is being questioned, low-input systems, such as organic agriculture, are gaining ground. For organic agriculture, plants have to be good nutrient scavengers. Therefore, productivity and stability of onion production in organic systems can be problematic. Plant breeding can improve the efficiency of onion roots, but breeding relies on available variation and there was no information about that in onions or in Allium. The aim of
this thesis was to search for variation in root morphology in onion and in its allied species A. fistulosum L., to understand the role this variation could play in organic agriculture and to perform a genetic analysis of root traits. The variation found in root traits in onion was limited, although old onion cultivars had a higher root length density than modern ones. Huge variation was observed between onion and A. fistulosum. A. fistulosum developed substantially more stem-borne and lateral roots and, consequently, a much denser root system. Experiments carried out in an organic farm revealed that onion explored a smaller volume of soil and had a lower root density than A. fistulosum. In addition, onion, contrary to A. fistulosum, showed a reduction in total and fine root density when cultivated in a soil with low nitrogen content. It was also demonstrated that A. fist... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Cultivo orgânico; Variabilidade genética. |
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Thesagro: |
Agricultura Orgânica; Allium Cepa; Allium Fistulosum; Cebola; Cebolinha; Melhoramento; Raiz; Sistema Radicular. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03077nam a2200241 a 4500
001 1773916
005 2003-10-30
008 2003 bl uuuu m 00u1 u #d
100 1 $aMELO, P. E. de
245 $aThe root systems of onion and Allium fistulosum in the context of organic farming$ba breeding approach.
260 $a2003.$c2003
300 $a127 p.
520 $aA massive amount of synthetic fertilizers is needed to grow onions (Allium cepa L.) due to their meager and inefficient root system. While the sustainability of such high-input systems is being questioned, low-input systems, such as organic agriculture, are gaining ground. For organic agriculture, plants have to be good nutrient scavengers. Therefore, productivity and stability of onion production in organic systems can be problematic. Plant breeding can improve the efficiency of onion roots, but breeding relies on available variation and there was no information about that in onions or in Allium. The aim of this thesis was to search for variation in root morphology in onion and in its allied species A. fistulosum L., to understand the role this variation could play in organic agriculture and to perform a genetic analysis of root traits. The variation found in root traits in onion was limited, although old onion cultivars had a higher root length density than modern ones. Huge variation was observed between onion and A. fistulosum. A. fistulosum developed substantially more stem-borne and lateral roots and, consequently, a much denser root system. Experiments carried out in an organic farm revealed that onion explored a smaller volume of soil and had a lower root density than A. fistulosum. In addition, onion, contrary to A. fistulosum, showed a reduction in total and fine root density when cultivated in a soil with low nitrogen content. It was also demonstrated that A. fistulosum was very responsive to indigenous and inoculated AMF (50 to 60% increase in both shoot biomass and root length). A Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis was done on the genetic linkage map of the progeny from the cross A. cepa x (A. roylei x A. fistulosum) to locate some of the genes responsible for the better performance of the A. fistulosum root system. All traits were evaluated in a replicated trial using in vitro cloned plants. QTLs were found for number of bulbs (1) and stem-borne roots (2) and, more interesting for breeding, for the number of lateral roots (1) and for the relative root length of fine and thick roots (1). The results showed the feasibility of breeding for onions with improved root systems using the interspecific hybrid between A. roylei and A. fistulosum as a genetic source. Some perspectives on the use of cultivars carrying such roots traits in onion organic production are highlighted.
650 $aAgricultura Orgânica
650 $aAllium Cepa
650 $aAllium Fistulosum
650 $aCebola
650 $aCebolinha
650 $aMelhoramento
650 $aRaiz
650 $aSistema Radicular
653 $aCultivo orgânico
653 $aVariabilidade genética
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Hortaliças (CNPH) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. |
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Data corrente: |
26/01/2016 |
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Data da última atualização: |
17/05/2017 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
A - 2 |
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Autoria: |
MAY, A.; SOUZA, V. F. de; GRAVINA, G. de A.; FERNANDES, P. G. |
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Afiliação: |
ANDRE MAY, CNPMS; VANDER FILLIPE DE SOUZA, Bolsista; GERALDO DE AMARAL GRAVINA, Bolsista; PEDRO GONÇALVES FERNANDES, Petrobrás. |
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Título: |
Plant population and row spacing on biomass sorghum yield performance. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2016 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 46, n. 3, p. 434-439, mar. 2016. |
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DOI: |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141133 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
ABSTRACT - Biomass sorghum is one of the most promising crops for the production of electricity through the burning in high-pressure boilers, due to its high calorific value, high yield, seed propagation, short cycle, and to the possibility of full mechanization of its agricultural processes. However, there is still a lack of information about its cultural practices. To this end, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of row spacing and plant population on the yield performance of biomass sorghum. The experimental design was a randomized block, in factorial scheme of 4 x 4, with four row spacings (0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1m), and four plant populations (80,000; 100,000; 120,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1), with three replications. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers per plant, fresh weight per plant and biomass. Total biomass yield was greatly influenced by the row spacing, showing a sharp reduction when row spacing increased, in the two years of study, changing from 180.27 to 114.42t ha-1 in the 2012/13 crop year, and from 146.50 to 102.56t ha-1 in the 2013/14 crop year, for 0.5 and 1.1m between rows, respectively. The lowest yields observed in the second year of the study were due to unfavorable weather conditions in the period. RESUMO - O sorgo biomassa é uma das culturas mais promissoras para a produção de energia elétrica, através da queima da planta inteira em caldeiras de alta pressão, devido ao seu alto poder calorífico, alta produtividade, propagação por sementes, ciclo curto e por possibilitar mecanização completa de seus processos agrícolas. Contudo, ainda há uma carência de informações acerca do seu manejo cultural. Para tanto, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influência do espaçamento entrelinhas e da população de plantas no desempenho produtivo do sorgo biomassa. Os experimentos foram instalados em Sete Lagoas/MG, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, durante duas safras consecutivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo 4 espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,5; 0,7; 0,9 e 1,1m) e 4 populações de plantas (80.000; 100.000; 120.000 e 140.000 plantas ha-1) e utilizadas três repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas, número de perfilhos por planta, massa fresca por planta e biomassa total por área cultivada. A produtividade de biomassa total foi influenciada pelo espaçamento entrelinhas, apresentando uma forte redução com o aumento do espaçamento entrelinhas para os dois anos de estudos, passando de 180,27 para 114,42t ha-1, na safra 2012/13, e de 146,50 para 102,56t ha-1, na safra 2013/14, para espaçamentos entrelinhas de 0,5 e 1,1m, respectivamente. As menores produtividades observadas no segundo ano de estudo foram devido às condições climáticas desfavoráveis no período. MenosABSTRACT - Biomass sorghum is one of the most promising crops for the production of electricity through the burning in high-pressure boilers, due to its high calorific value, high yield, seed propagation, short cycle, and to the possibility of full mechanization of its agricultural processes. However, there is still a lack of information about its cultural practices. To this end, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of row spacing and plant population on the yield performance of biomass sorghum. The experimental design was a randomized block, in factorial scheme of 4 x 4, with four row spacings (0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1m), and four plant populations (80,000; 100,000; 120,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1), with three replications. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers per plant, fresh weight per plant and biomass. Total biomass yield was greatly influenced by the row spacing, showing a sharp reduction when row spacing increased, in the two years of study, changing from 180.27 to 114.42t ha-1 in the 2012/13 crop year, and from 146.50 to 102.56t ha-1 in the 2013/14 crop year, for 0.5 and 1.1m between rows, respectively. The lowest yields observed in the second year of the study were due to unfavorable weather conditions in the period. RESUMO - O sorgo biomassa é uma das culturas mais promissoras para a produção de energia elétrica, através da queima da planta inteira em caldeiras de alta pressão, devido ao seu alto... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Arranjo de planta; Densidade; Manejo cultural; Sorgo lignocelulósico. |
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Thesagro: |
Bioenergia. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/137750/1/Plant-population.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 03636naa a2200229 a 4500
001 2035103
005 2017-05-17
008 2016 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141133$2DOI
100 1 $aMAY, A.
245 $aPlant population and row spacing on biomass sorghum yield performance.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2016
520 $aABSTRACT - Biomass sorghum is one of the most promising crops for the production of electricity through the burning in high-pressure boilers, due to its high calorific value, high yield, seed propagation, short cycle, and to the possibility of full mechanization of its agricultural processes. However, there is still a lack of information about its cultural practices. To this end, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of row spacing and plant population on the yield performance of biomass sorghum. The experimental design was a randomized block, in factorial scheme of 4 x 4, with four row spacings (0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1m), and four plant populations (80,000; 100,000; 120,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1), with three replications. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers per plant, fresh weight per plant and biomass. Total biomass yield was greatly influenced by the row spacing, showing a sharp reduction when row spacing increased, in the two years of study, changing from 180.27 to 114.42t ha-1 in the 2012/13 crop year, and from 146.50 to 102.56t ha-1 in the 2013/14 crop year, for 0.5 and 1.1m between rows, respectively. The lowest yields observed in the second year of the study were due to unfavorable weather conditions in the period. RESUMO - O sorgo biomassa é uma das culturas mais promissoras para a produção de energia elétrica, através da queima da planta inteira em caldeiras de alta pressão, devido ao seu alto poder calorífico, alta produtividade, propagação por sementes, ciclo curto e por possibilitar mecanização completa de seus processos agrícolas. Contudo, ainda há uma carência de informações acerca do seu manejo cultural. Para tanto, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influência do espaçamento entrelinhas e da população de plantas no desempenho produtivo do sorgo biomassa. Os experimentos foram instalados em Sete Lagoas/MG, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, durante duas safras consecutivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo 4 espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,5; 0,7; 0,9 e 1,1m) e 4 populações de plantas (80.000; 100.000; 120.000 e 140.000 plantas ha-1) e utilizadas três repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas, número de perfilhos por planta, massa fresca por planta e biomassa total por área cultivada. A produtividade de biomassa total foi influenciada pelo espaçamento entrelinhas, apresentando uma forte redução com o aumento do espaçamento entrelinhas para os dois anos de estudos, passando de 180,27 para 114,42t ha-1, na safra 2012/13, e de 146,50 para 102,56t ha-1, na safra 2013/14, para espaçamentos entrelinhas de 0,5 e 1,1m, respectivamente. As menores produtividades observadas no segundo ano de estudo foram devido às condições climáticas desfavoráveis no período.
650 $aBioenergia
653 $aArranjo de planta
653 $aDensidade
653 $aManejo cultural
653 $aSorgo lignocelulósico
700 1 $aSOUZA, V. F. de
700 1 $aGRAVINA, G. de A.
700 1 $aFERNANDES, P. G.
773 $tCiência Rural, Santa Maria$gv. 46, n. 3, p. 434-439, mar. 2016.
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Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS) |
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